<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta charset="UTF-8" /><meta http-equiv='content-language' content='en-us'/><title>SDLRC - Codified Law 29A-1-201 - General definitions. </title><meta name="Generator" content="PowerTools for Open XML" /><style>span { white-space: pre-wrap; } p.s2051996Normal { text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 108%; margin-top: 0; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: .001pt; } span.s2051996SENU { font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; } span.s2051996CL { font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; } p.s2051996Normal-000000 { text-indent: 0.50in; text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 108%; margin-top: 0; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: .001pt; } span.s2051996DefaultParagraphFont { font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0; padding: 0; } p.s2051996Normal-000001 { margin-left: 0.70in; text-indent: -0.45in; text-align: justify; font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 108%; margin-top: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: .001pt; } span.s2051996000002 { font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0; padding: 0; } span.s2051996SCL { font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; } span.s2051996SCL-000003 { font-family: 'Times New Roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0; padding: 0; } body { text-decoration-skip-ink: none; } </style></head><body><div><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal"><a href="https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/Codified_Laws/DisplayStatute.aspx?Type=Statute&amp;Statute=29A-1-201"><span class="s2051996SENU">29A-1-201</span></a><span xml:space="preserve" class="s2051996SENU">. </span><span class="s2051996CL">General definitions.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000000"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">Subject to additional definitions contained in the subsequent chapters that are applicable to specific chapters, parts, or sections, and unless the context otherwise requires, in this code:</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(1)    "Absentee" means an individual who has disappeared, who has been forcibly detained either illegally or by a foreign power, or who is otherwise located in a foreign country and is unable to return.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(2)    "Agent" includes an attorney-in-fact under a durable or nondurable power of attorney.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span xml:space="preserve" class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(3)    "Application" means a written request to the clerk of court for an order of informal probate or appointment under Part 3 of chapter </span><a href="https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/Codified_Laws/DisplayStatute.aspx?Type=Statute&amp;Statute=29A-3"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">29A-3</span></a><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(4)    "Beneficiary," as it relates to a trust beneficiary, includes a person who has any present or future interest, vested or contingent, and also includes the owner of an interest by assignment or other transfer; as it relates to a charitable trust, includes any person entitled to enforce the trust; as it relates to a "beneficiary of a beneficiary designation," refers to a beneficiary of an insurance or annuity policy, of a POD account, of a security registered in beneficiary form (TOD), or of a pension, profit-sharing, retirement, or similar benefit plan, or other nonprobate transfer at death; and, as it relates to a "beneficiary designated in a governing instrument," includes a grantee of a deed, a devisee, a trust beneficiary, a beneficiary of a beneficiary designation, a donee, appointee, or taker in default of a power of appointment, and a person in whose favor a power of attorney or a power held in any individual, fiduciary, or representative capacity is exercised.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(5)    "Beneficiary designation" refers to a governing instrument naming a beneficiary of an insurance or annuity policy, of a POD account, of a security registered in beneficiary form (TOD), or of a pension, profit-sharing, retirement, or similar benefit plan, or other nonprobate transfer at death.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(6)    "Child" includes an individual entitled to take as a child under this code by intestate succession from the parent whose relationship is involved and excludes a person who is only a stepchild, a foster child, a grandchild, or any more remote descendant. Any child of a deceased parent who is born after the decedent's death is considered a child in being at the decedent's death, if the child was conceived prior to the decedent's death, was born within ten months of the decedent's death, and survived one hundred twenty hours or more after birth.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(7)    "Claims," in respect to estates of decedents, includes liabilities of the decedent whether arising in contract, in tort, or otherwise, and liabilities of the estate which arise at or after the death of the decedent, including funeral expenses and expenses of administration. The term does not include estate or inheritance taxes, or demands or disputes regarding title of a decedent to specific assets alleged to be included in the estate.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(8)    "Court" means the circuit court.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(9)    "Conservator" means a person appointed by a court to manage the estate of a minor or protected person.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(10)    "Descendant" of an individual means the individual's descendants of all generations, with the relationship of parent and child at each generation being determined by the definition of child and parent contained in this code.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(11)    "Devise," when used as a noun, means a testamentary disposition of real or personal property and, when used as a verb, means to dispose of real or personal property by will.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span xml:space="preserve" class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(12)    "Devisee" means a person designated in a will to receive a devise. For the purposes of chapter </span><a href="https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/Codified_Laws/DisplayStatute.aspx?Type=Statute&amp;Statute=29A-2"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">29A-2</span></a><span xml:space="preserve" class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">, in the case of a devise to an existing trust or trustee, or to a trustee or trust described by will, the beneficiaries are devisees and the trustee or trust is not a devisee. For purposes of chapter </span><a href="https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/Codified_Laws/DisplayStatute.aspx?Type=Statute&amp;Statute=29A-3"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">29A-3</span></a><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">, the trust or trustee is the devisee and the beneficiaries are not devisees.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span xml:space="preserve" class="s2051996000002"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(13)    "Distributee" means any person who has received property of a decedent from a personal representative other than as a creditor or purchaser. A testamentary trustee is a distributee only to the extent of distributed assets or increment thereto remaining with the trustee. A beneficiary of a testamentary trust to whom the trustee has distributed property received from a personal representative is a distributee of the personal representative. For the purposes of this provision, "testamentary trustee" includes a trustee to whom assets are transferred by will, to the extent of the devised assets.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(14)    "Estate" includes the property of the decedent, trust, or other person whose affairs are subject to this code as originally constituted and as it exists from time to time during administration.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span xml:space="preserve" class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(15)    "Exempt property" means the property of a decedent's estate which is referred to in § </span><a href="https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/Codified_Laws/DisplayStatute.aspx?Type=Statute&amp;Statute=29A-2-402"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">29A-2-402</span></a><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(16)    "Fiduciary" includes a personal representative, guardian, conservator, and trustee.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(17)    "Foreign personal representative" means a personal representative appointed by another jurisdiction.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(18)    "Formal proceedings" means proceedings conducted before a judge with notice to interested persons.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(19)    "Governing instrument" means a deed, will, trust, insurance or annuity policy, POD account, security registered in beneficiary form (TOD), pension, profit-sharing, retirement, or similar benefit plan, instrument creating or exercising a power of appointment or a power of attorney, or a dispositive, appointive, or nominative instrument of any similar type.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(20)    "Guardian" means a person appointed by a court to be responsible for the personal affairs of a minor or protected person, but excludes one who is merely a guardian ad litem.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span xml:space="preserve" class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(21)    "Heirs," except as controlled by § </span><a href="https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/Codified_Laws/DisplayStatute.aspx?Type=Statute&amp;Statute=29A-2-711"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">29A-2-711</span></a><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">, means persons, including the surviving spouse and the state, who are entitled under the statutes of intestate succession to the property of a decedent.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(22)    "Informal proceedings" means those conducted without notice to interested persons by the clerk of court.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(23)    "Interested person" includes heirs, devisees, children, spouses, creditors, beneficiaries, and any others having a property right in or claim against a trust estate or the estate of a decedent, minor, or protected person. It also includes persons having priority for appointment as personal representative, and other fiduciaries representing interested persons. The meaning as it relates to particular persons may vary from time to time and must be determined according to the particular purposes of, and matter involved in, any proceeding.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(24)    "Joint tenants with the right of survivorship" and "community property with the right of survivorship" includes co-owners of property held under circumstances that entitle one or more to the whole of the property on the death of the other or others, but excludes forms of co-ownership registration in which the underlying ownership of each party is in proportion to that party's contribution.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(25)    "Lease" includes an oil, gas, or other mineral lease.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(26)    "Letters" includes letters testamentary, letters of guardianship, letters of administration, and letters of conservatorship.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(27)    "Minor" means an individual who is under eighteen years of age.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(28)    "Mortgage" means any conveyance, agreement, or arrangement in which property is encumbered or used as security.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(29)    "Nonresident decedent" means a decedent who was domiciled in another jurisdiction at the time of death.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span xml:space="preserve" class="s2051996000002"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(30)    "Organization" means a corporation, business trust, limited liability company, estate, trust, partnership, joint venture, association, government or governmental subdivision or agency, or any other legal or commercial entity.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(31)    "Parent" includes any person entitled to take, or who would be entitled to take if the child died without a will, as a parent under this code by intestate succession from the child whose relationship is in question and excludes any person who is only a stepparent, foster parent, or grandparent.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(32)    "Payor" means a trustee, insurer, business entity, employer, government, governmental agency or subdivision, or any other person authorized or obligated by law or a governing instrument to make payments.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(33)    "Person" means an individual or an organization.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(34)    "Personal representative" includes executor, administrator, successor personal representative, special administrator, and persons who perform substantially the same function under the law governing their status. "General personal representative" excludes a special administrator.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(35)    "Petition" means a written request to the court for an order after notice.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(36)    "Power of appointment" means a power to vest absolute ownership in the property subject to the power, whether or not the powerholder then had capacity to exercise the power. "General power of appointment" means a power exercisable in favor of the powerholder, the powerholder's estate, the powerholder's creditors, or the creditors of the powerholder's estate, whether or not the power is also exercisable in favor of others. "Presently exercisable general power of appointment" includes a power to revoke or invade the principal of a trust or other property arrangement, but excludes a power exercisable only by the powerholder's will.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(37)    "Proceeding" includes action at law and suit in equity.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(38)    "Property" includes both real and personal property or any interest therein and means anything that may be the subject of ownership.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(39)    "Protected person" means an individual for whom a guardian or conservator has been appointed other than for reasons of minority.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(40)    "Security" includes any note, stock, treasury stock, bond, debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in an oil, gas, or mining title or lease or in payments out of production under such a title or lease, collateral trust certificate, transferable share, voting trust certificate, and, in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a security, or any certificate of interest or participation, any temporary or interim certificate, receipt, or certificate of deposit for, or any warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase, any of the foregoing.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(41)    "Settlement," in reference to a decedent's estate, includes the full process of administration, distribution, and closing.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span xml:space="preserve" class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(42)    "Special administrator" means a personal representative as described by §§ </span><a href="https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/Codified_Laws/DisplayStatute.aspx?Type=Statute&amp;Statute=29A-3-614"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">29A-3-614</span></a><span xml:space="preserve" class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont"> to </span><a href="https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/Codified_Laws/DisplayStatute.aspx?Type=Statute&amp;Statute=29A-3-618"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">29A-3-618</span></a><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">, inclusive.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(43)    "State" means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(44)    "Stepchild," with reference to an individual, means a child of the individual's spouse, including a child of a surviving or deceased spouse but excluding a child of the individual or a child of a divorced spouse.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(45)    "Successor personal representative" means a personal representative, other than a special administrator, who is appointed to succeed a previously appointed personal representative.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(46)    "Successors" means persons, other than creditors, who are entitled to property of a decedent under the decedent's will or this code.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span xml:space="preserve" class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(47)    "Supervised administration" refers to the proceedings described in chapter </span><a href="https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/Codified_Laws/DisplayStatute.aspx?Type=Statute&amp;Statute=29A-3"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">29A-3</span></a><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">, Part 5.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span xml:space="preserve" class="s2051996000002"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span xml:space="preserve" class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(48)    "Survive" means that an individual has neither predeceased an event, including the death of another individual, nor is deemed to have predeceased an event under § </span><a href="https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/Codified_Laws/DisplayStatute.aspx?Type=Statute&amp;Statute=29A-2-104"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">29A-2-104</span></a><span xml:space="preserve" class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont"> or </span><a href="https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/Codified_Laws/DisplayStatute.aspx?Type=Statute&amp;Statute=29A-2-702"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">29A-2-702</span></a><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">. The term includes its derivatives, such as "survives," "survived," "survivor," and "surviving."</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(49)    "Testacy proceeding" means a proceeding to establish a will or determine intestacy.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span xml:space="preserve" class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(50)    "Trust" includes an express trust, private or charitable, with additions thereto, wherever and however created. The term also includes a trust created or determined by judgment or decree under which the trust is to be administered in the manner of an express trust. The term excludes other constructive trusts and excludes resulting trusts, conservatorships, personal representatives, trust accounts as defined in § </span><a href="https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/Codified_Laws/DisplayStatute.aspx?Type=Statute&amp;Statute=29A-6-101"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">29A-6-101</span></a><span xml:space="preserve" class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">, custodial arrangements for minors pursuant to chapter </span><a href="https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/Codified_Laws/DisplayStatute.aspx?Type=Statute&amp;Statute=55-10A"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">55-10A</span></a><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">, business trusts providing for certificates to be issued to beneficiaries, common trust funds, voting trusts, security arrangements, liquidation trusts, and trusts for the primary purpose of paying debts, dividends, interest, salaries, wages, profits, pensions, or employee benefits of any kind, and any arrangement under which a person is nominee or escrowee for another.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(51)    "Trustee" includes an original, additional, or successor trustee, whether or not appointed or confirmed by a court.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal-000001"><span class="s2051996DefaultParagraphFont">(52)    "Will" means an instrument, including a codicil, executed with testamentary intent and in the manner prescribed by this code, including an instrument which (i) disposes of property on or after the testator's death, (ii) appoints a personal representative, (iii) revokes or amends another will, (iv) nominates a guardian or conservator, or (v) expressly excludes or limits the right of an individual or class to succeed to property of the decedent passing by intestate succession.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal"><span xml:space="preserve" class="s2051996000002"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" class="s2051996Normal"><span class="s2051996SCL">Source:</span><span xml:space="preserve" class="s2051996SCL-000003"> SL 1995, ch 167, § 1-201; SL 2007, ch 247, § 4.</span></p></div></body></html>