CHAPTER 74:54:01
GROUNDWATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Section
74:54:01:01 Definitions.
74:54:01:02 Toxic pollutant defined.
74:54:01:03 Classification of groundwater.
74:54:01:04 Standards for groundwater of 10,000 mg/L TDS concentration or less.
74:54:01:05 Potential toxic pollutants.
74:54:01:06 Sampling and analytical techniques.
74:54:01:01. Definitions. Words defined in SDCL 34A-2-2 have the same meaning when used in this chapter. In addition, terms used in this chapter mean:
(1) "Ambient," the constituents or parameters and the concentration or measurements which describe water quality prior to a subsurface discharge;
(2) "CAS Number," a unique identifier assigned by the American Chemical Society to chemicals recorded in the Chemical Abstract Registry System (CAS). The CAS Number is used to conclusively identify a substance regardless of assigned name. Additional information concerning the CAS Registry System is available online at: http://www.cas.org/EO/regsys.html;
(3) "Contaminant," any physical, chemical, biological, or radiological substance or matter in water potentially harmful to human health;
(4) "Groundwater," water below the land surface that is in the zone of saturation;
(5) "EPA," the United States Environmental Protection Agency;
(6) "MFL," million fibers per liter;
(7) "mg/L," milligrams per liter;
(8) "MPN," most probable number;
(9) "mrem," "millirem," the dosage of an ionizing radiation that will cause the same biological effect as 0.001 roentgen of X-ray or gamma-ray exposure;
(10) "pH," a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, numerically equal to 7 for neutral solutions, increasing with alkalinity and decreasing with acidity;
(11) "pCi," "Picocurie," that quantity of radioactive material producing 2.22 nuclear transformations per minute;
(12) "Pollutant," dredged spoil, solid waste, incinerator residue, sewage, sewage sludge, garbage, trash, chemical waste, biological material, radioactive material, heat, wrecked or discarded equipment, rock, sand, or any industrial, municipal, or agricultural waste discharged into waters of the state;
(13) "Secretary," the secretary of the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources or a representative designated to act for the secretary;
(14) "Total dissolved solids," "TDS," a term that expresses the quantity of dissolved material in a sample of water, which is determined by weighing the solid residue obtained by evaporating a measured volume of filtered sample to dryness at 356 degrees Fahrenheit.
Source: 14 SDR 86, effective December 24, 1987; 18 SDR 128, effective February 11, 1992; transferred from § 74:03:15:01, July 1, 1996; 31 SDR 62, effective November 7, 2004; SL 2021, ch 1, §§ 8, 19, effective April 19, 2021.
General Authority: SDCL 34A-2-11.
Law Implemented: SDCL 34A-2-10, 34A-2-11.
74:54:01:02. Toxic pollutant defined. A toxic pollutant is a water contaminant or combination of water contaminants in a concentration or concentrations which, upon exposure, ingestion, inhalation, or assimilation either directly from the environment or indirectly by ingestion through food chains, will unreasonably threaten or injure human health or the health of animals or plants. As used in this section, injuries to health include death, histopathologic change, depression of immune system, clinical symptoms of disease, behavioral abnormalities, genetic mutation, physiological malfunctions, and physical deformations in such organisms or their offspring. In order to be considered a toxic pollutant a contaminant must be one or a combination of the potential toxic pollutants shown by scientific information currently available to the public to have potential for causing one or more of the effects listed in this section.
Source: 18 SDR 128, effective February 11, 1992; transferred from § 74:03:15:01.01, July 1, 1996.
General Authority: SDCL 34A-2-11.
Law Implemented: SDCL 34A-2-10, 34A-2-11.
74:54:01:03. Classification of groundwater. The existing and future beneficial uses of groundwater shall be maintained and protected. Waters of the state in which ambient water quality is better than the minimum levels prescribed shall be maintained and protected at the better water quality.
Groundwater which has an ambient concentration of 10,000 mg/L or less total dissolved solids (TDS) is classified as having the beneficial use of drinking water supplies, suitable for human consumption.
If the ambient concentration of any water contaminant in the groundwater is in conformance with the standards in § 74:54:01:04, degradation of the groundwater to the limit of the standards may be permitted as specified in chapter 74:54:02 to accommodate necessary economic or social development upon approval of a water quality variance permit.
No water quality standards may be violated or designated beneficial uses be impaired by the granting of a water quality variance permit allowing degradation of groundwater quality. If the groundwater quality does not meet the standards in § 74:54:01:04 as a result of natural causes or conditions, no degradation of the groundwater beyond the ambient concentration may be allowed.
Source: 14 SDR 86, effective December 24, 1987; 18 SDR 128, effective February 11, 1992; transferred from § 74:03:15:02, July 1, 1996.
General Authority: SDCL 34A-2-11.
Law Implemented: SDCL 34A-2-10, 34A-2-11.
74:54:01:04. Standards for groundwater of 10,000 mg/L TDS concentration or less. The following standards are the allowable pH range and maximum allowable concentration in groundwater of 10,000 mg/L TDS concentration or less for the contaminants specified unless the ambient condition exceeds the standards. Regardless of whether there is one contaminant or more than one contaminant present in groundwater, when the ambient pH or concentration of any water contaminant exceeds the standard specified in this section, the ambient pH or concentration is the allowable limit, provided that the discharge at such concentrations will not result for the present or the reasonably foreseeable future in concentrations at any place of groundwater withdrawal in excess of the standards in this section.
These standards apply to the dissolved portion of the contaminants specified, with the exception of mercury and the organic compounds, using the definition of "dissolved" given in the publication Methods and Guidance for the Analysis of Water, Version 2, June 1999. The standards for mercury and the organic compounds apply to the total unfiltered concentrations of the contaminants.
Groundwater must meet the standards listed as follows unless otherwise provided by chapters 74:54:01 and 74:54:02:
TABLE ONE
Human Health Standards
|
CONTAMINANT |
CAS NUMBER |
CONCENTRATION |
|
ORGANICS |
||
|
Alachlor |
15972-60-8 |
0.002 mg/L |
|
Aldicarb |
116-06-3 |
0.003 mg/L |
|
Aldicarb Sulfone |
1646-87-4 |
0.002 mg/L |
|
Aldicarb Sulfoxide |
1646-87-3 |
0.004 mg/L |
|
Atrazine |
1912-24-9 |
0.003 mg/L |
|
Benzene |
71-43-2 |
0.005 mg/L |
|
Benzo[a]pyrene |
50-32-8 |
0.0002 mg/L |
|
Cabofuran |
1563-66-2 |
0.04 mg/L |
|
Carbon tetrachloride |
56-23-5 |
0.005 mg/L |
|
Chlordane |
57-74-9 |
0.002 mg/L |
|
2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) |
94-75-7 |
0.07 mg/L |
|
Dalapon (sodium salt) |
75-99-0 |
0.2 mg/L |
|
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate |
103-23-1 |
0.4 mg/L |
|
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate |
117-81-7 |
0.006 mg/L |
|
Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) |
96-12-8 |
0.0002 mg/L |
|
o-Dichlorobenzene |
95-50-1 |
0.6 mg/L |
|
p-Dichlorobenzene |
106-46-7 |
0.075 mg/L |
|
1,2-Dichloroethane |
107-06-2 |
0.005 mg/L |
|
1,1-Dichloroethylene |
75-35-4 |
0.007 mg/L |
|
cis 1,2-Dichloroethylene |
156-59-2 |
0.07 mg/L |
|
trans 1,2-Dichloroethylene |
156-60-5 |
0.1 mg/L |
|
Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride) |
75-09-2 |
0.005 mg/L |
|
1,2 Dichloropropane |
78-87-5 |
0.005 mg/L |
|
Dinoseb |
88-85-7 |
0.007 mg/L |
|
Diquat |
85-00-7 |
0.02 mg/L |
|
Endothall |
145-73-3 |
0.1 mg/L |
|
Endrin |
72-20-8 |
0.002 mg/L |
|
Ethylbenzene |
100-41-4 |
0.7 mg/L |
|
Ethylene dibromide (EDB) |
106-93-4 |
0.00005 mg/L |
|
Glyphosate |
1071-53-6 |
0.7 mg/L |
|
Heptachlor |
76-44-8 |
0.0004 mg/L |
|
Heptachlor epoxide |
1024-57-3 |
0.0002 mg/L |
|
Hexachlorobenzene |
188-74-1 |
0.001 mg/L |
|
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene |
77-47-4 |
0.05 mg/L |
|
Total Haloacetic Acids, including: |
|
|
|
Dichloroacetic acid |
76-43-6 |
|
|
Monochloroacetic acid |
79-11-8 |
0.06 mg/L |
|
Trichloroacetic acid |
76-03-9 |
|
|
Lindane |
58-89-9 |
0.0002 mg/L |
|
Methoxychlor |
72-43-5 |
0.04 mg/L |
|
Monochlorobenzene |
108-90-7 |
0.1 mg/L |
|
Oxamyl (Vydate) |
23135-22-0 |
0.2 mg/L |
|
Pentachlorophenol |
87-86-5 |
0.001 mg/L |
|
Picloram |
1918-02-1 |
0.5 mg/L |
|
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) |
1336-36-3 |
0.0005 mg/L |
|
Simazine |
122-34-9 |
0.004 mg/L |
|
Styrene |
100-42-5 |
0.1 mg/L |
|
2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin) |
1746-01-6 |
0.00000003 mg/L (3 x 10-8 mg/L) |
|
Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) |
127-18-4 |
0.005 mg/L |
|
Toluene |
108-88-3 |
1 mg/L |
|
Total petroleum hydrocarbons |
NA |
10 mg/L1 |
|
Toxaphene |
8001-35-2 |
0.003 mg/L |
|
2,4,5-TP Silvex |
93-72-1 |
0.05 mg/L |
|
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene |
120-82-1 |
0.07 mg/L |
|
1,1,1-Trichloroethane |
71-55-6 |
0.2 mg/L |
|
1,1,2-Trichloroethane |
79-00-5 |
0.005 mg/L |
|
Total trihalomethanes, including: |
|
|
|
bromodichloromethane, |
75-27-4 |
|
|
bromoform (tribromomethane), |
75-25-2 |
0.08 mg/L |
|
chloroform (trichloromethane), |
67-66-3 |
|
|
and dibromochloromethane |
124-48-1 |
|
|
(chlorodibromomethane) |
|
|
|
Trichloroethylene |
79-01-6 |
0.005 mg/L |
|
Vinyl chloride |
75-01-4 |
0.002 mg/L |
|
Xylenes (total) |
1330-20-7 |
10 mg/L |
|
INORGANICS |
||
|
Antimony |
7440-36-0 |
0.006 mg/L |
|
Arsenic |
7440-38-2 |
0.01 mg/L2 |
|
Asbestos |
1332-21-4 |
7 MFL (longer than 10 micrometers) |
|
Barium |
7440-39-3 |
2 mg/L |
|
Beryllium |
7440-41-7 |
0.004 mg/L |
|
Bromate |
7789-38-0 |
0.01 mg/L |
|
Cadmium (Cd) |
7440-43-9 |
0.005 mg/L |
|
Chlorite |
7758-19-2 |
1 mg/L |
|
Chromium |
7440-47-3 |
0.1 mg/L |
|
Copper (Cu) |
7440-50-8 |
1.0 mg/L |
|
Cyanide (CN) as free cyanide |
143-33-9 |
0.2 mg/L |
|
Cyanine (CN) as weak acid dissociable |
143-33-9 |
0.75 mg/L |
|
Fluoride (F) |
7681-49-4 |
4 mg/L |
|
Lead (Pb) |
7439-92-1 |
0.015 mg/L |
|
Mercury (Hg) |
7487-94-7 |
0.002 mg/L |
|
Nitrate (as N) |
14797-55-8 |
10 mg/L |
|
Nitrite (as N) |
14797-65-0 |
1 mg/L |
|
Nitrate + Nitrite (both as N) |
NA |
10 mg/L |
|
Selenium |
7782-49-2 |
0.05 mg/L |
|
Silver |
7440-22-4 |
0.1 mg/L |
|
Thallium |
7440-28-0 |
0.002 mg/L |
|
RADIONUCLIDES |
||
|
Beta particle and photon radioactivity (from man-made radionuclides) |
NA |
4 mrem/yr |
|
Gross alpha particle activity, excluding radon and uranium |
NA |
15 pCi/l |
|
Radium 226 & radium 228 combined |
7440-14-4 |
5 pCi/l |
|
Radon |
10043-92-2 |
300 pCi/l |
|
Uranium |
7440-61-1 |
0.03 mg/L |
|
MICROBIOLOGY |
||
|
Fecal coliform bacteria |
NA |
Less than 2.2 organisms per 100 mL (MPN) |
1 If Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons is between 0.1 mg/L and 10 mg/L, and is within the radius of influence of a well or within Zone A of a delineated wellhead protection area, clean up must continue until 0.1 mg/L is met. Total petroleum hydrocarbons must be analyzed using the California Department of Health Services Method published in "Leaking Underground Fuel Tank Field Manual: Guidelines for Site Assessment, Cleanup, and Underground Storage Tank Closure," October 1989, or its equivalent.
2 Ground Water Discharge Plans with permitted allowable limits for arsenic issued before the effective date of these ground water quality standard revisions are exempt.
TABLE TWO
Other standards that are not applicable to groundwater receiving discharge from publicly owned treatment works.
|
CONTAMINANT |
CAS NUMBER |
CONCENTRATION |
|
Chloride |
7647-14-5 |
250 mg/L |
|
pH |
NA |
6.5-8.5 |
|
Sulfate |
7757-82-6 |
500 mg/L |
|
TDS |
NA |
1000 mg/L |
If the standards in either table one or table two are exceeded by ambient groundwater quality, the ambient water quality becomes the maximum allowable limit, as determined in § 74:54:02:18, for an approved groundwater discharge plan.
Source: 14 SDR 86, effective December 24, 1987; 18 SDR 128, effective February 11, 1992; transferred from § 74:03:15:03, July 1, 1996; 31 SDR 62, effective November 7, 2004.
General Authority: SDCL 34A-2-11.
Law Implemented: SDCL 34A-2-10, 34A-2-11.
References:
Methods and Guidance for the Analysis of Water, Version 2, June 1999; NTIS Order No. PB99-500209, published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Copies are available on CD-ROM from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161, 703-605-6000. The cost is $85.
"Leaking Underground Fuel Tank Field Manual: Guidelines for Site Assessment, Cleanup, and Underground Storage Tank Closure," October 1989, State Water Resources Control Board, P.O. Box 100, Sacramento, CA, 95812, 916-341-5250. Copies of the document are available online at: www.swrcb.ca.gov/general/publications/index.html.
Cross-References:
Organic chemicals, § 74:04:05:06.
Radionuclides, § 74:04:05:17.
40 C.F.R. § 141.11 (40 FR 59570, December 24, 1975, as amended at 45 FR 57342, August 27, 1980; 47 FR 10998, March 12, 1982; 51 FR 11410, April 2, 1986; 56 FR 30274, July 1, 1991; 56 FR 32113, July 15, 1991; 60 FR 33932, June 29, 1995; 65 FR 26022, May 4, 2000; 66 FR 7061, January 22, 2001).
40 C.F.R. § 141.12 (63 FR 69463, December 16, 1998, as amended at 66 FR 3776, January 16, 2001).
40 C.F.R. § 141.24 (40 FR 59570, December 24, 1975, as amended at 44 FR 68641, November 29, 1979; 45 FR 57345, August 27, 1980; 47 FR 10998, March 12, 1982; 52 FR 25712, July 8, 1987; 53 FR 5147, February 19, 1988; 53 FR 25110, July 1988; 56 FR 3583, January 30, 1991; 56 FR 30277, July 1, 1991; 57 FR 22178, May 27, 1992; 57 FR 31841, July 17, 1992; 59 FR 34323, July 1, 1994; 59 FR 62468, December 5, 1994; 60 FR 34085, June 29, 1995; 64 FR 67464, December 1, 1999; 65 FR 26022, May 4, 2000; 67 FR 65250, October 23, 2002; 67 FR 65898, October 29, 2002).
40 C.F.R. § 141.60 (56 FR 3593, January 30, 1991, as amended at 57 FR 31846, July 17, 1992; 59 FR 34324, July 1, 1994; 66 FR 7063, January 22, 2001).
40 C.F.R. § 141.61 (56 FR 3593, January 30, 1991, as amended at 56 FR 30280, July 1, 1991; 57 FR 31846, July 17, 1992; 59 FR 34324, July 1, 1994).
40 C.F.R. § 141.62 (56 FR 3594, January 30, 1991, as amended at 56 FR 30280, July 1, 1991; 57 FR 31847, July 17, 1992; 59 FR 34325, July 1, 1994; 60 FR 33932, June 29, 1995; 66 FR 7063, January 22, 2001; 68 FR 14506, March 25, 2003).
40 C.F.R. § 141.63 (54 FR 27566, June 29, 1989; 55 FR 25064, June 19, 1990, as amended at 65 FR 26022, May 4, 2000).
40 C.F.R. § 141.64 (FR 69465, December 16, 1998, as amended at 66 FR 3776, January 16, 2001).
40 C.F.R. § 141.66 (65 FR 76748, December 7, 2000).
40 C.F.R. § 143.3 (44 FR 42198, July 19, 1979, as amended at 51 FR 11412, April 2, 1986; 56 FR 3597, January 30, 1991).
74:54:01:05. Potential toxic pollutants. Groundwater shall not contain potential toxic pollutants. Potential toxic pollutants, other than those listed in Table 1 and Table 2 of § 74:54:01:04, must be nondetectable in groundwater at detection limits of the currently acceptable sampling and analytical techniques as approved by the secretary in § 74:54:01:06 until a maximum contaminant level (MCL) or health advisory level is set by the EPA.
Source: 14 SDR 86, effective December 24, 1987; 18 SDR 128, effective February 11, 1992; transferred from § 74:03:15:04, July 1, 1996; 31 SDR 62, effective November 7, 2004.
General Authority: SDCL 34A-2-11.
Law Implemented: SDCL 34A-2-10, 34A-2-11, 34A-2-22.
74:54:01:06. Sampling and analytical techniques. Sampling and analytical techniques and quality assurance plans must conform with the following references unless otherwise specified by the secretary:
(1) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Edition, 1998;
(2) Methods and Guidance for the Analysis of Water, Version 2, June 1999;
(3) Techniques of Water Resource Investigation of the U. S. Geological Survey, (1982);
(4) The sampling and analytical requirements published in 67 FR 65896 - 65901 (October 29, 2002), 68 FR 14505 - 14507 (March 25, 2003), 67 FR 65246 - 65250 (October 23, 2002), (references to be codified at 40 C.F.R. Parts 141; National Primary Drinking Water Regulations) and 52 FR 25947 (July 9, 1987) and 62 FR 32462 (June 13, 1997), (to be codified at 40 C.F.R. Parts 264, Appendix IX);
(5) "National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data", book 9, chaps. A1-A9 October 1997 to April 2004.
Source: 14 SDR 86, effective December 24, 1987; 18 SDR 128, effective February 11, 1992; transferred from § 74:03:15:05, July 1, 1996; 31 SDR 62, effective November 7, 2004.
General Authority: SDCL 34A-2-93.
Law Implemented: SDCL 34A-2-10, 34A-2-11.
References:
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Edition, 1998, ISBN: 0-87553-235-7, 1220 pages, is prepared and published jointly by the American Public Health Association, the American Water Works Association, and the Water Environment Federation. Copies may be obtained from the American Public Health Association, Publications Sales, P.O. Box 753, Waldorf, Maryland, 20604-0753. The cost is $200.
Methods and Guidance for the Analysis of Water, Version 2, June 1999, Item No. PB99-500209. Copies are available on CD-ROM from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161. 703-605-6000. The cost is $85.
Techniques of Water Resource Investigation of the U.S. Geological Survey, (1982), Book 5, Chapter A3. Copies are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402-9325. The cost is $3.75.
U.S. Geological Survey, National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality data: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 9, chaps. A1-A9, Chapter A1 (September 1998), Chapter A2 Version 2.0 (March 2003), Chapter A3 Version 1.2 (March 2003), Chapter A4 (September 1999), Chapter A5 (March 2004), Chapter A6.0 Version 1.1 (July 2003), Chapter A6.1 Version 1.2 (April 2004), Chapter A6.2 & A6.3 (April 1998), Chapter A6.4 (July 2003), Chapter A6.5 Version 1.1 (April 1998), Chapter A6.6 2nd Edition (September 2001), Chapter A6.7 (April 1998), Chapter A7 3rd Edition (November 2003), Chapter A8 & A9 (October 1997). Copies of the document are available online at: http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/twri9A.
